What characteristic of rats contributes to their survival in various environments?

The high reproductive potential of rats significantly contributes to their survival in diverse environments. Rats are known for their ability to reproduce rapidly, often capable of producing several litters each year, with each litter containing multiple offspring. This reproductive strategy enables rat populations to grow quickly, even when faced with adverse conditions or predators.

Such prolific breeding allows them to exploit available resources effectively. If a portion of the population is lost due to environmental changes or control measures, their high reproductive rates allow them to replenish quickly and maintain a stable population. This adaptability is a key factor in their success in urban, rural, and wild settings, making them resilient against population fluctuations and contributing to their status as common pests in many areas.

The other characteristics listed do not significantly enhance rats' survival in the broader context. For instance, while some species might utilize camouflage or have adaptations for living in water, these traits are not as universal or impactful in ensuring survival across the varied habitats rats occupy. Additionally, the ability to fly is not a characteristic of rats, and thus it does not factor into their survival capabilities.